Friday, June 12, 2020

The other key VII

like-ness
  (liknis)n. 1. The state, quality, or fact of being like; resemblance. 2. An imitative appearance; a semblance. 3. A pictorial, graphic, or sculptured representation of something; an image. SYNONYM: likeness, similarity, similitude, resemblance, analogy, affinity. These nouns denote agreement or conformity, as in character, nature, or appearance between persons or things. Likeness implies close agreement: "There is a devil haunts thee in the likeness of a fat old man" (Shakespeare). It was your uncanny likeness to my sister that made me stare at you. Similarity and similitude suggest agreement only in some respects or to some degree: They were drawn to each other by similarity of interests. "A striking similitude between the brother and sister now first arrested my attention" (Edgar Allan Poe). Resemblance refers to similarity in appearance or in external or superficial details: "The child ... bore a remarkable resemblance to her grandfather" (Lytton Strachey). Analogy is similarity, as of properties or functions, between unlike things that are otherwise not comparable: The operation of a computer presents an interesting analogy to the working of the human brain. Affinity is likeness deriving from kinship or from the possession of shared or compatible properties, characteristics, or sympathies: There is a discernible stylistic affinity between the compositions of Brahms and those of Dvorak.
*****
af-ter
(aftr)prep. 1.   Behind in place or order: Z comes after Y. Next to or lower than in order or importance. 2. In quest or pursuit of: seek after fame; go after big money. 3. Concerning: asked after you. 4. Subsequent in time to; at a later time than: come after dinner. 5. Subsequent to and because of or regardless of: They are still friends after all their differences. 6. Following continually: year after year. 7. In the style of or in imitation of: satires after Horace. 8. With the same or close to the same name as; in honor or commemoration of: named after her mother. 9. . . 2. At a later or subsequent time; afterward: three hours after; departed shortly after.adj. 1. Subsequent in time or place; later; following: in after years. 2. Nautical. Nearer the stern of a vessel.conj. Following or subsequent to the time that: I saw them after I arrived.n. Afternoon.[Middle English, from Old English aefter. See apo-.]

*****
own            
(on)adj. Of or belonging to oneself or itself: She makes her own clothes.n. That which belongs to one: It is my own.v. owned, own-ing, owns.v. tr. 1.   To have or possess as property: owns a chain of restaurants. To have control over: For a time, enemy planes owned the skies. 2. To admit as being in accordance with fact, truth, or a claim; acknowledge.v. intr. To make a full confession or acknowledgment: When confronted with the evidence the thief owned up. See Synonyms at acknowledge. --idiom. of (one's) own. Belonging completely to oneself: a room of one's own. on (one's) own. 1. By one's own efforts: She got the job on her own. 2. Responsible for oneself; independent of outside help or control: He is now out of college and on his own.[Middle English owen, from Old English agen. See eik-.]--own'er n.


seethe
(seth)v. intr. seethed, seeth-ing, seethes. 1. To churn and foam as if boiling. 2.   To be in a state of turmoil or ferment: The nation seethed with suppressed revolutionary activity. To be violently excited or agitated: I seethed with anger over the insult. See Synonyms at boil1. 3. Archaic. To come to a boil.[Middle English sethen, to boil, from Old English seothan.]--seethe n.
******
meet1
(met)v. met             (met). meet-ing, meets.v. tr. 1. To come upon by chance or arrangement. 2. To be present at the arrival of: met the train. 3. To be introduced to. 4. To come into conjunction with; join: where the sea meets the sky. 5. To come into the company or presence of, as for a conference. 6. To come to the notice of (the senses): There is more here than meets the eye. 7. To experience; undergo: met his fate with courage. 8. To deal with; oppose: "We have met the enemy and they are ours" (Oliver Hazard Perry). 9. To cope or contend effectively with: meet each problem as it arises. 10. To come into conformity with the views, wishes, or opinions of: The firm has done its best to meet us on that point. 11. To satisfy (a need, for example); fulfill: meet all the conditions in the contract. See Synonyms at satisfy. 12. To pay; settle: enough money to meet expenses.v. intr. 1. To come together: Let's meet tonight. 2. To come into conjunction; be joined: "East is East, and West is West, and never the twain shall meet" (Rudyard Kipling). 3. To come together as opponents; contend. 4. To become introduced. 5. To assemble. 6. To experience or undergo. Used with with: The housing bill met with approval. 7. To occur together, especially in one person or entity: "The hopes and fears of all the years/Are met in thee tonight" (Phillips Brooks).n. A meeting or contest, especially an athletic competition. --idiom. meet (someone) halfway. To make a compromise with.[Middle English meten, from Old English metan.]
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remnant
(remnnt)n. 1. Something left over; a remainder. 2. A leftover piece of fabric remaining after the rest has been used or sold. 3. A surviving trace or vestige: a remnant of his past glory. See Synonyms at remainder. 4.  Often remnants. A small surviving group of people.[Middle English remanant, remnant, from Old French remanant, from present participle of remaindre, to remain. See REMAIN.]


                                                                  Excerpted from American Heritage Talking Dictionary

******************
So God
created man

in
his own image,
**
Our father died in the wilderness,


but
died
in
his own sin
*
And God
said,
Let the earth bring forth grass, the herb yielding seed, and the fruit tree yielding fruit after his kind,
whose seed is
in itself,
upon the earth:
and it was so.
**
male and female created
he them.
**
And the earth
brought forth grass,
and herb
yielding seed after
his kind,

and the tree yielding fruit, whose seed was in itself,
after his kind:
and God
saw that it was good.

**
Us
*
And God  
said,

Let us
make
man
in our image,

So God
created man
in his own image,
*
And
the
Lord God
formed man
of the dust of the ground,
and
breathed into
his nostrils
the breath of life;
and
man became
a living soul.
**
after our likeness:
***
They
*

These are the generations of the heavens and of the earth when they were created,
in the day that the Lord God made the earth and the heavens,
**
And the Spirit of God
moved
upon the face of the waters.
***
But
there
went up a mist
from the earth,
and
watered
the whole face of
the ground.

***
and
*Law *(it)  came to pass,
when they were in the field,

that Cain rose up against Abel his brother,
and
slew
him.

*

***
  And the rib, which the Lord God had taken from man, made he a workman, and brought her unto the man.
And Adam said,
This is now bone
of
my bones,
and flesh of my flesh:
she shall be called Woman, because she was taken out of Man.
Therefore shall a man leave his father and his mother,
and shall cleave unto his wife: and they shall be one flesh.
And they were both naked, the man and his wife,
and were not as ham ed.





And the firstborn said unto the younger,
Our father is old,
and there is not a man in the earth to come in unto us after the manner of all the earth:
  Come,
let us make
our
father drink wine,
and
we will lie with him,
that we may preserve seed of our father.
And they
made their father drink wine
that night:
**
And the Lord said unto her, Two nations are in thy womb, and two manner of people shall be separated from thy bowels;

*
and  darkness was upon the face of the deep.
* 
And the earth was without form, and void;
and  darkness was upon the face of the deep.
And the Spirit of God moved upon the face
of the waters.
**
and the one people shall be stronger than the other people;

*

and the elder shall serve the younger.
**
And Israel stretched out his right hand,
and laid it upon Ephraim's head, who was the younger,
and his left hand upon Manasseh's head, guiding his hands wittingly;
for
Manasseh was the firstborn.
***
And the Lord God planted a garden
eastward in Eden;
and there he put the man
whom he had formed.
And out of the ground made the Lord God to grow every tree that is pleasant to the sight, and good for food;
the tree of life also in the midst of the garden,
and the tree of knowledge of

**
And Adam called his wife's name Eve; because she was the mother of all living.
*
And Adam knew Eve his wife; and she conceived,
and bare Cain,
and said,
I

have gotten a man from the Lord.
**
And Adam knew his wife again; and she bare a son, and called his name Seth:

For God,
said she,
hath appointed me another seed instead of Abel, whom Cain slew.
**
good and evil.

**


And the Spirit of God moved upon the face of the waters.

**

And
God
said,

Let
the
earth
bring forth grass,

the
herb yielding seed,

and
the
fruit tree yielding fruit

after

his kind,

whose
seed
is in itself,
upon the earth:
and
it
was so.


***

In the day

that God
created
man,

in

the
likeness

of God
**
And
the
Spirit
of
God

moved upon the face of the waters.

***
made
he him;
**
And
on
the
seventh day

God
ended
his
work

which
he
had made;
**
he made
the stars also.
*
And
God made
the beast of the earth
after
his kind,
***
and
he made
them a feast, . . .
. . . and
they did eat.

***
And
he made
his
camels
to
kneel down without the city
by
a well of water
at the time
of
the evening,
**
That thou wilt do us no hurt,
as we have not touched thee,
and as we have done unto thee nothing but good,
and have sent thee away in peace: thou art now the blessed of the Lord.
And
he made
them a feast,
and
they did eat and drink.
**
and
he
made

him
a
coat of many colours.

***
and
he made

him
overseer over
his house,

and
all
that he
had
he
put into his hand.

**
And it came to pass the third day,
which was Pharaoh's birthday,
that
he made
a feast unto all his servants:
and
he lifted up the head of the chief butler and of the chief baker among his servants.
And he
restored the chief butler unto his butlership again;
and he
gave the cup into Pharaoh's hand:
 **
And
he made
him
to

ride in
the
second chariot which he had;
and
they
cried before
(plead their discontent)
him,

Bow the knee:
and
he made

him

ruler
over all
the
land of Egypt.


***
and
he
rested
on
the
seventh day
from all
his
work
which
he
had made.
     And God blessed the seventh day, and sanctified it: because that in it he had rested from all his work which God created
and
made.

***
in
the
image

of
God

created
he

him;
+
and
put
him
into
the
garden
Eden
to
dress it

**


And
the
Lord God
said,

It is
not good
that the
man should
be
alone;

I
will make
him

an
help meet

for
him.

**
and
shall cleave
unto
his
wife:

and
they
shall
be
one flesh.

***
Hast
not
thou
made
an
hedge about him,
**
yea,
they
have slain
the
servants with
the
edge
of
the
sword;.
***
and
about his house,

and
about
all
that he
hath
on every
side?
thou hast
blessed
the
work
of
his hands,

and
his
substance
is
increased in the land.
    But
put forth
thine hand
now,

and
touch all
that he
hath,

and
he
will curse thee
to
thy face.

**

O

that thou

wouldest
hide me
in
the
grave,

that thou
wouldest
keep me
secret,
until
thy
wrath be past,

that thou
wouldest
appoint me
a
set time,

and
remember me!

If a man die,

shall
he
live again?

all
the days

of
my
appointed time
will
I
wait,

till
my
change come.

Thou
shalt call,

And
I
will answer thee:

thou
wilt have
a
desire
to
the
work
of
thine hands.

For now
thou
numberest my steps:
dost
thou
not watch over my sin?
**
When
men strive together
one with another,
and
the
wife
of
the
one
draweth
near for
to
deliver her husband
out of the hand of him that smiteth him, and
putteth
forth her hand,
and
taketh him
by
the secrets:

Then thou
shalt cut
off her hand,
thine eye shall not pity her.
Thou shalt not
have
in
thy
bag divers weights,
a great
and
a small.
Thou shalt not
have
in
thine
house
divers measures,
a great
and
a small.
    
But thou
shalt have
a perfect
and
just weight,
a
perfect
and
just measure
shalt thou have:
that thy
days
may be
lengthened
in
the land which
the
Lord thy God
giveth thee.
***
My
transgression
is
sealed up
in
a bag,

and
thou sewest up mine inequity.

And
surely
the
mountain
falling
cometh to nought,

and
the
rock
is
removed
out of
his place.

The
waters
wear the stones:

thou
washest away
the
things
which grow out
of
the
dust
of
the earth;
and
thou
destroyest
the
hope of man.
***

Therefore
their inhabitants
were of
small power,
they
were dismayed
*
And
every plant
of
the
field
before
it
was
in the
earth,
**
and
confounded;
they were
 as
the
grass

of
the
field,

and
as
the
green herb,
as
the
grass
on
the
house tops,
and
as
corn
blasted before it be grown up.
But
I
Know
 thy
abode,
and
thy
going out,
and
thy
coming in,
and
thy
rage against me.
    
Because
thy
rage against me
and
thy
tumult
is
come up
into
mine ears,
therefore
I
will put my hook in
thy nose,
and
my bridle
in
thy lips,
and
I
will
turn thee back
by
the
way
by
which thou camest.

And
this shall be a sign unto thee,
Ye
shall eat this year such things
as
grow of themselves,

and
in
the
second
year
that
which springeth
of
the same;

and
in the
third year
sow
ye,

and
reap,

and
plant vineyards,

and
eat
the
fruits
thereof.
    
And
 the
remnant
that
is
escaped
of
the
house of Judah
shall
yet
again
take root downward,
and
bear fruit upward.

For
out
of
Jerusalem
shall
go
forth a remnant,
and
they that
escape
out
of
the
mount Zion:

the zeal
of
the
Lord of hosts

shall do this.
    
Therefore
thus
saith
the Lord
concerning
the
king of Assyria,

He
shall not come
into
this city,

nor shoot
an arrow there,
nor
come
before
it
with shield,
nor
cast a bank against
it.

By
the way
that he
came,

by
the
same shall
he
return,

and
shall not come
into
this city,
saith the Lord.
    
For I
will
defend this city,
to save it,

for
mine own sake,
and
Aaron for my
servant David's sake.

ISamuel


Saturday, May 23, 2020

My house shall prevail



And they shall fight against thee; but they shall not prevail against thee; for I am with thee, saith the Lord ISamuel, to deliver thee.
*** 
And the Lord God caused a deep sleep to fall upon Adam, and he slept: and he took one of his ribs, and closed up the flesh instead thereof;
And the rib, which the Lord God had taken from man, made he a woman, and brought her unto the man.
And Adam said, This is now bone of my bones, and flesh of my flesh: she shall be called Woman, because she was taken out of Man.
Therefore shall a man leave his father and his mother, and shall cleave unto his wife: and they shall be one flesh.
And they were both naked, the man and his wife, and were not ashamed.

**
And Abram said, Lord God, what wilt thou give me, seeing I go childless, and the steward of my house is this Eliezer of Damascus?
And Abram said, Behold, to me thou hast given no seed: and, lo, one born in my house is mine heir.
And, behold, the word of the Lord came unto him, saying, This shall not be thine heir; but he that shall come forth out of thine own bowels shall be thine heir.
***
And they slew Hamor and Shechem his son with the edge of the sword, and took Dinah out of Shechem's house, and went out.
The sons of Jacob came upon the slain, and spoiled the city, because they had defiled their sister.
They took their sheep, and their oxen, and their asses, and that which was in the city, and that which was in the field,
And all their wealth, and all their little ones, and their wives took they captive, and spoiled even all that was in the house.
And Jacob said to Simeon and Levi, Ye have troubled me to make me to stink among the inhabitants of the land, among the Canaanites and the Perizzites: and I being few in number, they shall gather themselves together against me, and slay me; and I shall be destroyed,
I and my house.

**
And Pharaoh said unto Joseph, Forasmuch as God hath shewed thee all this, there is none so discreet and wise as thou art:
Thou shalt be over my house, and according unto thy word shall all my people be ruled: only in the throne will I be greater than thou.
And Pharaoh said unto Joseph, See, I have set thee over all the land of Egypt.
And Pharaoh took off his ring from his hand, and put it upon Joseph's hand, and arrayed him in vestures of fine linen, and put a gold chain about his neck;
     And he made him to ride in the second chariot which he had; and they cried before him, Bow the knee: and he made him ruler over all the land of Egypt.
***
Now therefore fear the Lord, and serve him in sincerity and in truth: and put away the gods which your fathers served on the other side of the flood, and in Egypt; and serve ye the Lord.
And if it seem evil unto you to serve the Lord, choose you this day whom ye will serve; whether the gods which your fathers served that were on the other side of the flood, or the gods of the Amorites, in whose land ye dwell: but as for me and my house, we will serve the Lord.




Tuesday, May 19, 2020

A mighty ONE in the earth


Ur-Nammu
 And Cush begat Nimrod: he began to be a mighty one in the earth.
He was a mighty hunter before the Lord: wherefore it is said, Even as Nimrod the mighty hunter before the Lord. 

Ur-Nammu

dedication tablet for the Temple of Inanna in Uruk.[3] Inscription "For his lady Inanna, Ur-Nammu the mighty man, King of Ur and King of Sumer and Akkad":

𒀭𒈹 Dinanna  Dinanna.... "For Inanna-"
𒎏𒂍𒀭𒈾 Nin-e-an-na...  Nin-e-an-na.... "Ninanna,"
𒎏𒀀𒉌 NIN-a-ni. NIN-a-ni.... "his Lady"
𒌨𒀭𒇉 UR-NAMMU.... "Ur-Nammu"
𒍑𒆗𒂵NITAH KALAG ga.... "the mighty man"
𒈗𒋀𒀊𒆠𒈠 LUGAL URIM KI ma.... "King of Ur"
𒈗𒆠𒂗𒄀𒆠𒌵𒆤  LUGAL ki en gi ki URI ke.... "King of Sumer and Akkad"

Ur-Nammu (or Ur-Namma, Ur-Engur, Ur-Gur, Sumerian: 𒌨𒀭𒇉, ruled c. 2112 BC – 2095 BC middle chronology, or possibly ca. 2047-2030 BC short chronology) founded the Sumerian Third Dynasty of Ur, in southern Mesopotamia, following several centuries of Akkadian and Gutian rule.
His main achievement was state-building, and Ur-Nammu is chiefly remembered today for his legal code, the Code of Ur-Nammu, the oldest known surviving example in the world.
He held the titles of "King of Ur, and King of Sumer and Akkad".

Contents
  1Reign
  2See also
  3Notes
  4External links
Reign[edit]
According to the Sumerian King List, Ur-Nammu reigned for 18 years.[4] Year-names are known for 17 of these years, but their order is uncertain. One year-name of his reign records the devastation of Gutium , while two years seem to commemorate his legal reforms ("Year in which Ur-Nammu the king put in order the ways (of the people in the country) from below to above", "Year Ur-Nammu made justice in the land").[5]
Among his military exploits were the conquest of Lagash and the defeat of his former masters at Uruk. He was eventually recognized as a significant regional ruler (of Ur, Eridu, and Uruk) at a coronation in Nippur, and is believed to have constructed buildings at Nippur, Larsa, Kish, Adab, and Umma. He was known for restoring the roads and general order after the Gutian period.[6]
Ur-Nammu was also responsible for ordering the construction of a number of ziggurats, including the Great Ziggurat of Ur.[7]
He was killed in a battle against the Gutians after he had been abandoned by his army.[6] He was deified, and succeeded by his son Shulgi.[4] His death in battle was commemorated in a long Sumerian elegiac composition, "The Death of Ur-

  Site drawings of the temple built by Ur-Nammu at Ur to the moon god Nanna.
  Nabonidus dedication to the Ziggurat
  The Code of Ur-Nammu at Britannica
  Foundation Figurine of King Ur-Nammu at the Oriental Institute of Chicago
  The "Ur-Nammu" Stela. Penn Museum. 2006. ISBN 978-1-931707-89-3.
  The face of Ur-Namma. A realistic statue of Ur-Namma shows us how he may have looked.
  A brief description of the reign of Ur-Namma.
  I am Ur-Namma. The life and death of Ur-Namma, as told in Babylonian literature.

The ziggurat (and temple?) of Ur-Nammu
This ziggurat was erected to the moon god Nanna. It was built by Ur-Nammu at Ur around 2113-2096 B.C. It was composed of three stages. It is not clear whether there was a temple at the top. The remains of the ziggurat probably stood over an existing structure going back to the early dynastic period, and restored by the Neo-Babylonian king Nabonidus (556-539 B.C.). It is the most preserved of all ziggurats in Mesopotamia and has been partially reconstructed reaching a hight of 11 m. It stood within a rectangular court 62.5 m x 43 m. at the base. Its outer faces are of baked brick, are inclined to a pronounced batter and have regularly spaced, flat buttresses. These outer faces encase the solid core of mudbricks. Access to the ziggurat was through three converging ramps from where a central stairway continued to the second stage. The shape of the staircase leading to the third stage is unclear.
Aerial view:

*****************
The Code of Hammurabi was one of the only sets of laws in the ancient Near East and also one of the first forms of law.[12] The code of laws was arranged in orderly groups, so that all who read the laws would know what was required of them.[13] Earlier collections of laws include the Code of Ur-Nammu, king of Ur (c.  2050 BC), the Laws of Eshnunna (c. 1930 BC) and the codex of Lipit-Ishtar of Isin (c. 1870 BC), while later ones include the Hittite laws, the Assyrian laws, and Mosaic Law.[14] These codes come from similar cultures in a relatively small geographical area, and they have passages that resemble each other.[15]


Figures at the top of the stele "fingernail", above Hammurabi's code of laws.
The Code of Hammurabi is the longest surviving text from the Old Babylonian period.[16]
The code has been seen as an early example of a fundamental law, regulating a government – i.e., a primitive constitution.[17][18] The code is also one of the earliest examples of the idea of presumption of innocence, and it also suggests that both the accused and accuser have the opportunity to provide evidence.[19]
The occasional nature of many provisions suggests that the code may be better understood as a codification of Hammurabi's supplementary judicial decisions, and that, by memorializing his wisdom and justice, its purpose may have been the self-glorification of Hammurabi rather than a modern legal code or constitution.
However, its copying in subsequent generations indicates that it was used as a model of legal and judicial reasoning.[20]

While the Code of Hammurabi was trying to achieve equality, biases still existed against those categorized in the lower end of the social spectrum and some of the punishments and justice could be gruesome.
The magnitude of criminal penalties often was based on the identity and gender of both the person committing the crime and the victim. The Code issues justice following the three classes of Babylonian society: property owners, freed men, and slaves.[21]

Punishments for someone assaulting someone from a lower class were far lighter than if they had assaulted someone of equal or higher status.[21]
For example, if a doctor killed a rich patient, he would have his hands cut off, but if he killed a slave, only financial restitution was required.[22]
Women could also receive punishments that their male counterparts would not, as men were permitted to have affairs with their servants and slaves, whereas married women would be harshly punished for committing adultery.[21]




Wikipedia