And
Adam
called
his
wife's
name
Eve;
because
she
was
the
mother
of
all
living
*****
Japheth the elder,
even
to
him
were children born.
Unto Shem also,
the father
of
all
the
children
of
Eber,
the brother
of
Japheth
the elder,
even
to
him
were children born.
*******
The children
of
Shem;
Elam,
and Asshur,
and Arphaxad,
and Lud,
and Aram.
**
And the
children
of
Aram;
Uz,
and Hul,
and Gether,
and Mash.
*
and Arphaxad,
*
And Arphaxad
begat
Salah;
*******
and Salah
begat
Eber.
And unto
Eber
were born
two sons:
*
the name
of
one was
Peleg;
*****
According
to Genesis 10:25 and 1 Chronicles 1:19, it was during the time of Peleg that
"the earth was divided" – traditionally, this is often assumed
to be just before, during, or after the failure of Nimrod's Tower of Babel.
The meaning of the earth being divided is usually taken to refer to a
patriarchal division of the world, or possibly just the eastern hemisphere,
into allotted portions among the three sons of Noah for future occupation, as
specifically described in the Book of Jubilees, Biblical Antiquities of Philo,
Kitab al-Magall, Flavius Josephus,[1] and numerous other antiquarian and
mediaeval sources, even as late as Archbishop Ussher, in his Annals of the
World.[2] One account, the Conflict of Adam and Eve with Satan, states that
"In the days of Phalek (Peleg), the earth was divided a second time among
the three sons of Noah; Shem, Ham and Japheth" – it had been divided once
previously among the three sons by Noah himself.[3]
Wikipedia
***
for in
his
days
was the
earth divided;
and his
brother's name
was Joktan.
And Joktan
begat Almodad,
and Sheleph,
and Hazarmaveth,
and Jerah,
And Hadoram,
and Uzal,
and Diklah,
And Obal,
and Abimael,
and Sheba,
And Ophir,
and Havilah,
and Jobab:
***********
10 A river flows out of Eden to water
the garden, and from there it divides and becomes four branches. 11
The name of the first is Pishon; it is the one that flows around the whole
land of Havilah, where there is gold; 12 and the gold of that land is good;
bdellium and onyx stone are there.[1]
In addition to the region described in
chapter 2 of Genesis, two individuals named Havilah are listed in the Table
of Nations. The Table lists the descendants of Noah, who are
considered eponymous ancestors of nations. Besides the name mentioned in
Genesis 10:7–29, another is mentioned in the Books of Chronicles (1
Chronicles 1:9–23). One person is the son of Cush, the son of Ham. The other
person is a son of Joktan and descendant of Shem.
The name Havilah appears in Genesis 25:18, where it defines the territory inhabited by the Ishmaelites as
being "from Havilah to Shur, opposite Egypt in the direction of
Assyria"; and in the Books of Samuel (1 Samuel 15:7–8), which
states that king Saul smote the Amalekites who were living there, except for
King Agag, whom he took prisoner.
One passage mentions Israelites being
sent to Assyria and Halah. According to the monk Antoine Augustin Calmet,
Halah most likely indicates Havilah.[2]
***
Joktan's
sons in the order provided in Genesis 10:26–29, were Almodad, Sheleph,
Hazarmaveth, Jerah, Hadoram, Uzal, Diklah, Obal, Abimael, Sheba, Ophir,
Havilah, and Jobab.
In
Pseudo-Philo's account (ca. 70), Joktan was first made prince over the children of Shem,
just as
Nimrod and Phenech were princes over the children of Ham and Japheth, respectively. In his version, the three princes command all persons
to bake bricks for the Tower of Babel; however, twelve, including several of
Joktan's own sons, as well as Abraham and Lot, refuse the orders. Joktan
smuggles them out of Shinar and into the mountains, to the annoyance of the
other two princes.[1]
The name is
also written as Yoktan (Hebrew: יָקְטָן, Modern: Yoktan, Tiberian: Yoqṭān,
Arabic: يقطان, romanized: Yaqṭān). He has also been identified with Qahtān,
the ancestral figure of Qahtanites, in traditional Arab genealogy.
***
all these were the sons
of
Joktan.
And their
dwelling was
from
Mesha,
as
thou goest
unto
Sephar a mount
of the
east.
These are
the
sons
of
Shem,
after their families,
after their tongues,
in
their lands,
after their
nations.
*
These are
the
families
of
the sons
of
Noah,
after their generations,
in
their nations:
and by these
were
the nations divided
in
the
earth
after the flood.
And the whole
earth was
of
one language,
and of
one speech.
*
And God
created
great whales,
and every
living creature
that moveth,
which the waters brought forth abundantly,
*
That
the sons of God saw the daughters of men that they were fair; and
they
took them wives of all
which they chose.
*
And
the Spirit of God moved upon the face
of the waters.
**
And
the Lord said, My spirit shall not
always strive with man, for that
he
also
is
flesh: yet his days shall be an hundred and twenty years.
*
after their kind,
and every
winged fowl
after his kind:
and God saw
that
it
was good.
and the
fruit tree
yielding fruit
after his kind,
whose seed
is in itself,
upon the earth:
*
And Ham,
the father
of
Canaan,
saw the nakedness
of
his father,
and told
his two brethren without.
And Shem
and Japheth
took a garment,
and laid it upon both their shoulders,
and went backward,
and covered the nakedness
of
their father;
and their
faces
were backward,
and they
saw not
their father's
nakedness.
These
are the sons
of
Ham,
(yielding
fruit after his
kind)
after their
families,
after their
tongues,
******
and they
saw not
their father's
nakedness.
*
And unto
Eber
were born
two sons:
the name
of
*
and that it was
pleasant
to the eyes,
and a tree to
be desired
to
make one wise,
*
one
was Peleg;
for in his days was
the earth
divided;
and his
brother's name
was Joktan.
And Joktan
begat
Almodad,
and Sheleph,
and Hazarmaveth,
and Jerah,
And Hadoram,
and Uzal,
and Diklah,
And Obal,
and Abimael,
and Sheba,
And Ophir,
and Havilah,
and Jobab:
all
these were
the sons
of
Joktan.
And their dwelling
was
from Mesha,
*
King Mesha of Moab (Hebrew: מֵישַׁע Mēša‘; Moabite: MŠ‘) was a king of
Moab in the 9th century BC, known most famously for having the Mesha
Stele inscribed and erected at Dibon. In this inscription he calls
himself "Mesha, son of Kemosh-[...], the king of Moab, the
Dibonite."
*
as
thou
goest unto
Sephar a mount
of
the east.
These are the sons
of
Shem,
after their families,
after their tongues,
in their lands,
after their nations.
These are the families
of the
sons of Noah,
after their
generations,
in their nations:
and by these
were
the
nations divided
in the
earth after
the flood.
And the
whole earth was
of
one language,
and of
one speech.
And it came to pass,
as they journeyed
from the east,
that they
found
a plain
in
the land
of
Shinar;
and they
dwelt there.
**
The name Šinʿar
occurs eight times in the Hebrew Bible, in which it refers to
Babylonia.[2] This location of Shinar is evident from its description as
encompassing both Babel/Babylon (in northern Babylonia
) and Erech/Uruk
(in southern Babylonia).[2] In the Book of Genesis 10:10, the
beginning of Nimrod's kingdom is said to have been "Babel [Babylon], and
Erech [Uruk], and Akkad, and Calneh, in the land of Shinar." Verse 11:2
states that Shinar enclosed the plain that became the site of the Tower of
Babel after the Great Flood. After the Flood, the sons of Shem, Ham, and
Japheth stayed first in the highlands of Armenia and then migrated to
Shinar.[5]
In Genesis
14:1,9, King Amraphel rules Shinar. Shinar is further mentioned in Joshua
7:21; Isaiah 11:11; Daniel 1:2; and Zechariah 5:11, as a
general synonym for Babylonia.
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